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1. Abraham M. Halpern Papers on Pomoan Languages 
   • Collection identifier: Halpern
   • Relations to this Collection: LA 202, LA 203, LA 204, and LA 250 are referenced by this Collection
   • Primary contributors: Elsie Allen (consultant); Joe Augustine (consultant); Annie Burke (consultant); Edna Campbell (consultant); Grant Jake (consultant); John Kelsey (consultant); Nancy McCoy (consultant); Santiago McDaniel (consultant); Steve Parrish (consultant); George Patch (consultant); Jenny Pike (consultant); Clifford Salvador (consultant); Esther Ward (consultant); Mack Williams (consultant); Abraham M. Halpern (researcher)
   • Additional contributors: A.T. (consultant); Lowe Anderson (consultant); E.S. (consultant); Gladys Antone (consultant); R. Jackson (consultant); Mary James (consultant, speaker); Thomas Leon (consultant, speaker); Daisy Lowell Lorenzo (consultant); M.E.S. (consultant); Julia Pinola Marrufo (consultant); Oscar McDaniel (consultant); George Patch (speaker); Harry Wilsey (speaker); Katherine Halpern (researcher); Julius Moshinsky (researcher); Gretchen S. Hillard (donor); Robert L. Oswalt (compiler)
   • Languages: Central Pomo (poo); Eastern Pomo (peb); Hill Patwin; Kashaya (kju); Kwtsaan (yum); Northeastern Pomo (pef); Northern Pomo (pej); Pomoan; Southeastern Pomo (pom); Southern Pomo (peq); Wintu (wnw)
   • Dates: 1936-1984, bulk 1939-1940 and 1983-1984
   • Extent: 11.91 linear feet (24 boxes, 2 binders, and 1 envelope)
   • Historical information: As a graduate student in anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Chicago, Abraham M. Halpern (1914-1985) conducted field research on Quechan (Yuma) (1935 and 1938) and Pomoan languages (1936 and 1939-1940). He was an instructor and professor of linguistics at the University of Chicago from 1941-1946, where he was awarded a Ph.D. in anthropology in 1947. Following the Second World War, Halpern embarked on a second career as a political scientist specializing in the East Asian region. He returned to the study of American Indian languages in 1977, working as a research associate in linguistics at the University of California, San Diego from 1977 until his death in 1985, during which period he conducted additional field research with speakers of Pomoan languages .
   • Scope and content: Most of the material in this collection documents Halpern's ethnographic and linguistic field research on Pomoan languages; also included are ethnographic and linguistic materials related to his work on Patwin and Quechan (Yuma). The Pomoan material includes original notebooks from field trips conducted in 1936, 1939-1940, and the early 1980s, plus derived materials such as vocabulary file slips, manuscript articles, text transcriptions, and geneologies. Halpern's language consultants included the following people: Steve Parrish, Jenny Pike, and Esther Ward (Central Pomo); Joe Augustine (Eastern Pomo); Mary James and Julia Marrufo (Kashaya); Santiago McDaniel (Northeastern Pomo); Lowe Anderson, Edna Campbell, Nancy McCoy, and Mack Williams (Northern Pomo); John Kelsey, Effie Kelsey, Thomas Leon, George Patch, and Clifford Salvador (Southeastern Pomo); Elsie Allen and Annie Burke (Southern Pomo); Daisy Lowell Lorenzo (Hill Patwin).
   • Repository: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
   • Suggested citation: Elsie Allen, Joe Augustine, Annie Burke, Edna Campbell, Grant Jake, John Kelsey, Nancy McCoy, Santiago McDaniel, Steve Parrish, George Patch, Jenny Pike, Clifford Salvador, Esther Ward, Mack Williams, and Abraham M. Halpern. Abraham M. Halpern Papers on Pomoan Languages, Halpern, California Language Archive, Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.7297/X2WS8R5X.
   • Associated materials: Other collections of materials related to Halpern's Pomoan, Yuman, and Wintuan research are held by the Bancroft Library (Berkeley, California) and the American Philosophical Society (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania).
2. Eero Vihman Papers on the Northern Pomo Language 
   • Collection identifier: Vihman
   • Primary contributors: Edna Guerrero (consultant); Annie Lake (consultant); Eero Vihman (researcher)
   • Additional contributors: Lowe Anderson (consultant); Annie Burke (consultant); Angelina Campbell (consultant); Edna Campbell (consultant); Frances Jack (consultant); Nancy McCoy (consultant); Santiago McDaniel (consultant); Steve Parrish (consultant); Jenny Pike (consultant); Mack Williams (consultant); S.A. Barrett (researcher); Michelle Caisse (researcher); Catherine A. Callaghan (author); Victor Golla (researcher); Mary R. Haas (researcher); Abraham M. Halpern (researcher); Leanne Hinton (researcher); Sally McLendon (author, researcher); Julius Moshinsky (researcher); Mary Catherine O'Connor (researcher); Robert L. Oswalt (researcher); Kenneth W. Whistler (researcher)
   • Languages: Central Pomo (poo); Eastern Pomo (peb); Karuk (kyh); Kashaya (kju); Lake Miwok (lmw); Northeastern Pomo (pef); Northern Pomo (pej); Pomoan; Southeastern Pomo (pom); Southern Pomo (peq)
   • Dates: 1966-1968, undated (bulk undated)
   • Extent: 8.92 linear feet (19 boxes)
   • Historical information: Eero Vihman (1927-2000) was a linguist who specialized in the study of Pomoan languages. He left his native Estonia in 1944, arriving in the United States in 1952. In 1964 he joined the graduate program in linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley, conducting fieldwork on Northern and Central Pomo in 1966-1967.
   • Scope and content: The Papers document Vihman's research on Pomoan languages from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, notably field notes from his 1966-1967 work on Northern Pomo. His main Northern Pomo consultants were Annie Lake and Edna Guerrero, with some additional material provided by Angelina Campbell; he also collected Central Pomo material from Frances Jack. Also included in the collection are Vihman's comparative notes on other Pomoan languages compiled from a variety of sources, and several draft chapters of a grammar of Northern Pomo.
   • Repository: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
   • Suggested citation: Edna Guerrero, Annie Lake, and Eero Vihman. Eero Vihman Papers on the Northern Pomo Language, Vihman, California Language Archive, Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.7297/X26W9803.
   • Associated materials: Audio recordings associated with the Papers are in the Berkeley Language Center, Berkeley, California (LA 25). Some materials are copies of notebooks included in the Abraham M. Halpern Papers on Pomoan Languages (MSS Halpern).
3. Robert Louis Oswalt Papers on Pomoan Languages 
   • Collection identifier: Oswalt
   • Relations to this Collection: LA 98 is referenced by this Collection
   • Finding aid: Oswalt_finding_aid.pdf
   • Primary contributors: Elsie Allen (consultant); Elizabeth Dollar (consultant); Edna Guerrero (consultant); Achora Hanyava (consultant); Annie Lake (consultant); Milton "Bun" Lucas (consultant); Oscar McDaniel (consultant); Sharky Moore (consultant); Essie Parrish (consultant); Bernice Scott Torrez (consultant); Clara Williams (consultant); Robert L. Oswalt (researcher)
   • Additional contributors: Arthur Anderson (consultant, participant); Lowe Anderson (consultant); Lucy Andrews Macy (consultant); David Antone (consultant); Salome Bartlett Alcantra (consultant); Annie Burke (consultant, participant); Edna Campbell (consultant); Violet Parrish Chapelle (consultant); Charlie Doorman (consultant); Bill Frank (consultant); Olive Fulwider (consultant); Suzie Gomez (consultant); Gladys James Gonzales (consultant); Abraham M. Halpern (consultant, author, researcher, translator); Ralph Holder (consultant); Lula Jackson (consultant); Allen James (consultant); Herman James (consultant); Mary James (consultant); Lula Johnson (consultant); John Kelsey (consultant); Cecilia Logan (consultant); Frank Logan (consultant); Effie Mabel Luff (consultant); Frank Luff (consultant); Kate Marando (consultant); Julia Pinola Marrufo (consultant); George Moore (consultant); Ralph Moore (consultant); Guillermina Nelson-Rodrigues (consultant); Old Toby (consultant); Vana Parrish Lawson (consultant); Sidney Parrish (consultant, participant); F. Scarioni (consultant); Greene Scott (consultant); Kathryn Seller (consultant); Laura Somersal (consultant); Eben Tillotsen (consultant); Vivian Wilder (consultant); Bernard W. Aginsky (author); Dan Alford (author); Ruth Almstedt (author); S.A. Barrett (author, researcher); Eugene Buckley (author, researcher); Michelle Caisse (author); Wallace L. Chafe (author); James Clifford (author); Janice Comstock (author); Philip W. Davis (author); Victoria Dickler Kaplan (author); Cora DuBois (author); Homer Durham (author); Linda J. Farnum (author); Glenn J. Farris (author, translator); George M. Foster (researcher); David Gamon (author); James R. Gibson (author); Jennie Goodrich (author); George Grekoff (researcher); Kira Hall (author); Gretchen S. Hillard (author); Leanne Hinton (author); A. A. Istomin (author); Frances Jack (author); James M. Kari (author, participant); Mary Jean Kennedy (author); P. Kostromitonov (author); Sydney M. Lamb (researcher); Thomas Larsen (author); Charles Li (author); Kent G. Lightfoot (author); John P. Marr (author); Helen McCarthy (author); Sally McLendon (author, researcher); Randall Milliken (author); Marianne Mithun (author); Mauricio J. Mixco (author); Lawrence Morgan (author); Julius Moshinsky (author); Johanna Nichols (author); June Nieze (author); Mary Catherine O'Connor (author); Robert L. Oswalt (author, annotator, donor, participant, photographer, translator); Otis Parrish (author); Viktor Petrov (author); Ross Saunders (author); Jesse O. Sawyer (author); Ann M. Schiff (author); Bernice Scott Torrez (author, participant); Alice Shepherd (author); Shirley Silver (author); Susan Steele (author); Mary Swift (author); Louise Tanous (author); Sandra Thompson (author); Katherine Turner (author); Hans Jørgen Uldall (researcher); Eero Vihman (author); Thomas A. Wake (author); Carolyn F. Wall (author); Nancy Webb (author); Kenneth W. Whistler (author); Skip Willits (author); Biten Yasumoto (author); T. Yokomori (author); Martha Anderson (participant); Ramon Billy Jr. (donor); Peter Kalifornsky (participant); Milton "Bun" Lucas (participant); Tammy Lucas (participant); Nelda Grace Martinez (participant); Oswalt family (donor); Essie Parrish (participant, translator)
   • Languages: Aleut (ale); Aztecan; Bribri (bzd); Central Pomo (poo); Chinook Jargon (chn); Chochenyo; Chumashan; Coast Miwok (csi); Cocopa (coc); Dena'ina (tfn); Eastern Pomo (peb); Esselen (esq); Havasupai (yuf); Hualapai (yuf); Huchnom; Karuk (kyh); Kashaya (kju); Kiliwa (klb); Klamath; Kumeyaay (dih); Kwtsaan (yum); Lacandon (lac); Lakota (lkt); Luiseño (lui); Maidu (nmu); Maricopa (mrc); Miwokan; Mojave (mov); Mutsun (css); Nisenan (nsz); Northeastern Pomo (pef); Northern Pomo (pej); Northern Yukian (yuk); Nuxalk (blc); Paipai (ppi); Patwin (pwi); Pomoan; Salinan (sln); Samala (inz); Southeastern Pomo (pom); Southern Pomo (peq); Tajuasohn (tja); Tonkawa (tqw); Wappo (wao); Yana (ynn); Yokuts (yok); Yuki; Yurok (yur)
   • Dates: 1956-2005
   • Extent: 30.2 linear feet (69 boxes)
   • Historical information: Robert Louis Oswalt, Pomoan language scholar, received his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1961. His fieldwork on Kashaya (Southwestern Pomo) began in 1957 and led to his dissertation, A Kashaya Grammar, and the publication of the book Kashaya Texts in 1964. Dr. Oswalt continued to work on Pomoan languages until 2005, conducting fieldwork on Kashaya, Southern Pomo, Northeastern Pomo, Northern Pomo, and Central Pomo and exploring the historical relationships within the Pomoan family. The Kashaya, Southern Pomo, and Central Pomo dictionaries that Dr. Oswalt compiled during his decades of fieldwork on those languages were never published.
   • Scope and content: These Papers document the linguistic work of Robert Oswalt, including his fieldwork on Pomoan languages and Yuki, Kru-Gbato, Aleut, and Bribri, his research on historical linguistics and other linguistic topics, and his professional activities. The papers include field notebooks containing vocabulary and elicited sentences for Kashaya, Southern Pomo, Northeastern Pomo, Northern Pomo and Central Pomo, with additional longer texts in Kashaya and Southern Pomo, vocabulary file slips for Kashaya, Southern Pomo, and Central Pomo, as well as notes on grammar and Pomoan cognates. His primary consultants for Kashaya were Essie Parrish and Bernice Scott Torrez, and his Kashaya consultants also included David Antone, Violet Parrish Chappelle, Gladys James Gonzales, Allen James, Herman James, Mary James, Milton (Bun) Lucas, Vana Lawson, Kate Marando, Julia Pinola Marrufo, Sidney Parrish, and Vivian Wilder. His primary consultants for Southern Pomo were Elsie Allen and Elizabeth Dollar and his Southern Pomo consultants also included Olive Fulwilder Effie Mabel Luff, Lucy Andrews Macy, and Laura Fish Somersall. His Northeastern Pomo consultants included Oscar McDaniel and Sharky Moore, his Northern Pomo consultants included Annie Lake and Edna Guerrero, and his Central Pomo consultants included Salome Bartlett Alcantra, Frank Luff, and Clara Williams. He conducted Aleut fieldwork with consultant Kathryn Seller and Bribri fieldwork with consultant Guillermina Nelson-Rodrigues. His consultants for Yuki included Arthur Anderson and Bill Frank. The Papers include oral histories collected from linguist Abraham Halpern and Pomoan language consultants Essie Parrish, Elizabeth Dollar, Elsie Allen as well as photocopies of Kashaya and Southern Pomo genealogical and census records and other documents and material related to Pomoan languages, ethnography, and history. Research notes and photocopies of materials on methods for historical linguistics and several other linguistic topics are also contained in the Papers. Drafts of manuscripts and conference handouts created during Dr. Oswalt's career, including incomplete drafts of his Kashaya dictionary, are also included in the collection.
   • Repository: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
   • Suggested citation: Elsie Allen, Elizabeth Dollar, Edna Guerrero, Achora Hanyava, Annie Lake, Milton "Bun" Lucas, Oscar McDaniel, Sharky Moore, Essie Parrish, Bernice Scott Torrez, Clara Williams, and Robert L. Oswalt. Robert Louis Oswalt Papers on Pomoan Languages, Oswalt, California Language Archive, Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.7297/X2C24TDG.