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1. Western Ghana Color Naming 
   • Collection identifier: 2019-32
   • Primary contributor: Karee Garvin (researcher, donor)
   • Additional contributors: Mary Afofie (consultant); Fordjour Adwoa Agartha (consultant); Kofi Joachium Agyekum (consultant); Bakaba Andrews (consultant); Komfort Attah (consultant); Sampson Kwasi Attah (consultant); Vivian Attah (consultant); Grace Baakyiwaa (consultant); Obour Benedicta (consultant); Nkrumah Daniel (consultant); Donkor Kwame Emmanuel (consultant); Anane James (consultant); Ababio Job (consultant); Babatu Jordan (consultant); Asamoah David Kwasi (consultant); Kodongi Mary Magdalene (consultant); David Kofi Manu (consultant); Akosua Mariha (consultant); Donkor Adwoa Monica (consultant); Charles Munufie (consultant); Donkor Patricia (consultant); Bayor Yaw Solomon (consultant); Anane Thomas (consultant); Richard Yeboah (consultant)
   • Language: Nafaanra (nfr)
   • Dates: 2017-
   • Historical information: Data for this corpus are collected in Ghana in the Brong Afro region in the village of Banda Ahenkro. The population in Banda Ahenkro and the surrounding areas is multilingual, speaking either Nafaanra or Ligbi along with Twi (Akan) and English. Twi is the lingua franca of the area and English is used in education and government.
     This corpus focuses on Nafaanra color naming in the Brong Afro Region in 2017 and 2018, which was included in the 1978 World Color Survey, to assess shift in color terms between 1978 and 2018. Though it has been hypothesized that color naming shifts over time under efficiency pressures, there have been no studies providing granular diachronic evidence of shift in color naming. Thus, this data is the first to provide granular diachronic data on shift in color naming. Furthermore, because language contact and multilingualism likely influence language shift, this corpus contains multilingual color naming data for the main contact languages for Nafaanra: Twi and English. These data serve to demonstrate how language contact influences language shift.
   • Scope and content: This collection contains written texts of surveys collected following World Color Survey (WCS) protocol, with the exception that unlike the WCS, speakers responded freely to the stimulus without restricting responses to basic color terms. (Two speakers in 2017 completed the task using a restricted set of color terms, strictly following the WCS protocol, but speakers struggled to provide any responses for a large number of chips, prompting the switch to the free-naming task method.) The survey was conducted with multilingual speakers of the languages Nafaanra, Twi, and English. There will ultimately be four basic language paradigms in this dataset varied on language used in task and participant multilingualism. The basic paradigms are:
     Task language: Nafaanra; Participant: Multilingual (Twi and/or English)
     Task language: Twi; Participant: Multilingual (Nafaanra and English)
     Task language: Twi; Participant: Multilingual (English only)*
     Task language: English; Participant: Multilingual (Nafaanra and/or Twi)
     Currently available data include datasets collected in 2017 and 2018, both with multilingual Nafaanra speakers in Nafaanra. Twi and English data will be made available at a future date.
   • Repository: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
   • Suggested citation: Karee Garvin. Western Ghana Color Naming, 2019-32, California Language Archive, Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.7297/X2VH5MCR.
   • Associated materials: In addition to the color data contained in this collection, materials on Nafaanra more generally can be found in the California Language Archive in the Nafaanra Documentation Project (2017-11, http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.7297/X2V98672). Original Nafaanra color naming data collected in 1978 for the World Color Survey can be accessed via the World Color Survey archive along with other languages included in the study. There are two published papers associated with these materials:
     --Zaslavsky, Noga; Garvin, Karee; Kemp, Charles; Tishby, Naftali; & Regier, Terry (2019). Evolution and efficiency in color naming: The case of Nafaanra. CogSci 2019: 68.
     --Zaslavsky, Noga; Garvin, Karee; Kemp, Charles; Tishby, Naftali; & Regier, Terry (2022). The evolution of color naming reflects pressure for efficiency: Evidence from the recent past. Journal of Language Evolution. DOI: 10.1093/jole/lzac001.